CONTENTS CLASS XI SYLLABUS<\/p>\n
UNIT I: Physical World and Measurement<\/h5>\n
\u2022 Physics: Scope and excitement; nature of physical laws; Physics, technology and society.
\n\u2022 Need for measurement: Units of measurement; systems of units; SI units,
\nfundamental and derived units. Length, mass and time measurements; accuracy and precision of measuring instruments; errors in measurement; significant figures.
\n\u2022 Dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.
\nUNIT II: Kinematics
\nDetails:-
\n\u2022 Frame of reference, Motion in a straight line; Position-time graph, speed and velocity. Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity. Uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time and position-time graphs, for uniformly accelerated motion (graphical treatment).<\/p>\n
\u2022 Elementary concepts of differentiation and integration for describing motion. Scalar and vector quantities: Position and displacement vectors, general vectors, general vectors and notation, equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by a real number; addition and subtraction of vectors. Relative velocity.
\n\u2022 Unit vectors. Resolution of a vector in a plane-rectangular components.
\n\u2022 Scalar and Vector products of Vectors. Motion in a plane. Cases of uniform velocity and uniform acceleration- projectile motion. Uniform circular motion.
\nUNIT III: Laws of Motion
\nDetails:-
\n\u2022 Intuitive concept of force. Inertia, Newton\u2019s first law of motion; momentum and Newton\u2019s second law of motion; impulse; Newton\u2019s third law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications.
\n\u2022 Equilibrium of concurrent forces. Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction, lubrication.
\n\u2022 Dynamics of uniform circular motion. Centripetal force, examples of circular motion (vehicle on level circular road, vehicle on banked road).
\nUNIT IV: Work, Energy and Power
\nDetails:-
\n\u2022 Work done by a constant force and variable force; kinetic energy, work-energy theorem, power.
\n\u2022 Notion of potential energy, potential energy of a spring, conservative forces; conservation of mechanical energy (kinetic and potential energies); nonconservative forces; motion in a vertical circle, elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.
\nUNIT V: Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body
\nDetails:-
\n\u2022 Centre of mass of a two-particle system, momentum conservation and centre of mass motion. Centre of mass of a rigid body; centre of mass of uniform rod.
\n\u2022 Moment of a force,-torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular
\nmomentum with some examples.
\n\u2022 Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equation of rotational motion, comparison of linear and rotational motions; moment of inertia, radius of gyration. Values of M.I. for simple geometrical objects (no derivation). Statement of parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications.
\nUNIT VI: Gravitation
\nDetails:-
\n\u2022 Kepler\u2019s laws of planetary motion. The universal law of gravitation.
\nAcceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth.
\n\u2022 Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential. Escape velocity, orbital velocity of a satellite. Geostationary satellites.
\nUNIT VII: Properties of Bulk Matter
\nDetails:-
\n\u2022 Elastic behavior, Stress-strain relationship. Hooke\u2019s law, Young\u2019s modulus, bulk modulus, shear, modulus of rigidity, poisson\u2019s ratio; elastic energy.
\n\u2022 Viscosity, Stokes\u2019 law, terminal velocity, Reynold\u2019s number, streamline and turbulent flow. Critical velocity, Bernoulli\u2019s theorem and its applications.
\n\u2022 Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure,
\napplication of surface tension ideas to drops, bubbles and capillary rise.
\n\u2022 Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; thermal expansion of solids, liquids, and gases. Anomalous expansion. Specific heat capacity: Cp, Cv- calorimetry; change of state \u2013 latent heat.
\n\u2022 Heat transfer- conduction and thermal conductivity, convection and radiation. Qualitative ideas of Black Body Radiation, Wein\u2019s displacement law, and Green House effect.
\n\u2022 Newton\u2019s law of cooling and Stefan\u2019s law.
\nUNIT VIII: Thermodynamics
\nDetails:-
\n\u2022 Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature (zeroth law of
\nThermodynamics). Heat, work and internal energy. First law of
\nthermodynamics. Isothermal and adiabatic processes.
\n\u2022 Second law of the thermodynamics: Reversible and irreversible processes. Heat engines and refrigerators.
\nUNIT IX: Behaviour of Perfect Gas and Kinetic Theory
\nDetails:-
\n\u2022 Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas.
\n\u2022 Kinetic theory of gases: Assumptions, concept of pressure. Kinetic energy and temperature; degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy (statement only) and application to specific heat capacities of gases; concept of mean free path.
\nUNIT X: Oscillations and Waves
\nDetails:-
\n\u2022 Periodic motion-period, frequency, displacement as a function of time. Periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion(SHM) and its equation; phase; oscillations of a spring-restoring force and force constant; energy in SHM \u2013Kinetic and potential energies; simple pendulum-derivation of expression for its time period; free,
\nforced and damped oscillations (qualitative ideas only), resonance.
\n\u2022 Wave motion. Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of wave motion.
\nDisplacement relation for a progressive wave. Principle of superposition of
\nwaves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes,
\nfundamental mode and harmonics. Beats. Doppler effect.
\nCONTENTS OF CLASS XII SYLLABUS
\nUNIT I: Electrostatics
\nDetails:-
\n\u2022 Electric charges and their conservation. Coulomb\u2019s law-force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.
\n\u2022 Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines; electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole; torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.
\n\u2022 Electric flux, statement of Gauss\u2019s theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside)
\n\u2022 Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system of charges: equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric diploes in an electrostatic field.
\n\u2022 Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor, Van de Graaff generator.
\nUNIT II: Current Electricity
\nDetails:-
\n\u2022 Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity and mobility, and their relation with electric current; Ohm\u2019s law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity.
\n\u2022 Carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors; series and parallel
\ncombinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance.
\n\u2022 Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel.
\n\u2022 Kirchhoff\u2019s laws and simple applications. Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge.
\n\u2022 Potentiometer-principle and applications to measure potential difference, and for comparing emf of two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a cell.
\nUNIT III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
\nDetails:-
\n\u2022 Concept of magnetic field, Oersted\u2019s experiment. Biot-Savart law and its
\napplication to current carrying circular loop.
\n\u2022 Ampere\u2019s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and toroidal solenoids. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Cyclotron.
\n\u2022 Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force
\nbetween two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current loop in a magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
\n\u2022 Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron. Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis. Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth\u2019s magnetic field and magnetic elements.
\n\u2022 Para-, dia-and ferro-magnetic substances, with examples.
\n\u2022 Electromagnetic and factors affecting their strengths. Permanent magnets.
\nUNIT IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
\nDetails:-
\n\u2022 Electromagnetic induction; Faraday\u2019s law, induced emf and current; Lenz\u2019s Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance.
\n\u2022 Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current\/ voltage; reactance and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits, wattles current.
\n\u2022 AC generator and transformer.
\nUNIT V: Electromagnetic Waves
\nDetails:-
\n\u2022 Need for displacement current.
\n\u2022 Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (qualitative ideas only).
\nTransverse nature of electromagnetic waves.
\n\u2022 Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.
\nUNIT VI: Optics
\nDetails:-
\n\u2022 Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light, total internal reflection and its applications optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens-maker\u2019s formula. Magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact combination of a lens and a mirror. Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism.
\n\u2022 Scattering of light- blue colour of the sky and reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset.
\n\u2022 Optical instruments: Human eye, image formation and accommodation,
\ncorrection of eye defects (myopia and hypermetropia) using lenses.
\n\u2022 Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.
\n\u2022 Wave optics: Wavefront and Huygens\u2019 principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wavefronts.
\n\u2022 Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens\u2019 principle.
\n\u2022 Interference, Young\u2019s double hole experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light.
\n\u2022 Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum.
\n\u2022 Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes. Polarisation, plane polarized light; Brewster\u2019s law, uses of plane polarized light and Polaroids.
\nUNIT VII: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation
\nDetails:-
\n\u2022 Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard\u2019s observations; Einstein\u2019s photoelectric equation- particle nature of light.
\n\u2022 Matter waves- wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation. Davisson-Germer experiment (experimental details should be omitted; only conclusion should be explained).
\nUNIT VIII: Atoms and Nuclei
\nDetails:-
\n\u2022 Alpha- particle scattering experiments; Rutherford\u2019s model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones.
\n\u2022 Radioactivity- alpha, beta and gamma particles\/ rays and their properties decay law. Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission and fusion.
\nUNIT IX: Electronic Devices
\nDetails:-
\n\u2022 Energy bands in solids (qualitative ideas only), conductors, insulators and
\nsemiconductors; semiconductor diode- I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator. Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR). Transistor as a switch ..<\/p>\n
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